Objective markers of the analgesic response to morphine in experimental pain research
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Objective markers of the analgesic response to morphine in experimental pain research. / Brokjær, Anne; Olesen, Anne Estrup; Kreilgaard, Mads; Graversen, Carina; Gram, Mikkel; Christrup, Lona Louring; Dahan, Albert; Drewes, Asbjørn Mohr.
In: Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, Vol. 73, 07.02.2015, p. 7-14.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Objective markers of the analgesic response to morphine in experimental pain research
AU - Brokjær, Anne
AU - Olesen, Anne Estrup
AU - Kreilgaard, Mads
AU - Graversen, Carina
AU - Gram, Mikkel
AU - Christrup, Lona Louring
AU - Dahan, Albert
AU - Drewes, Asbjørn Mohr
N1 - Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2015/2/7
Y1 - 2015/2/7
N2 - INTRODUCTION: In experimental pain research the effect of opioids is normally assessed by verbal subjective response to analgesia. However, as many confounders in pain assessment exist, objective bed-side assessment of the effect is highly warranted. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of morphine on three objective pharmacodynamic markers (pupil diameter, prolactin concentration and resting electroencephalography (EEG)) and compare the changes from placebo with subjective analgesia on experimental muscle pain for convergent validation.METHODS: Fifteen healthy male participants received placebo or 30mg rectal morphine at two separate sessions. At baseline and several time points after drug administration, the central effects of morphine were assessed by experimental muscle pain, pupil diameter, prolactin concentration and resting EEG.RESULTS: Morphine increased tolerance to muscle pain, together with significant reductions in pupil diameter and increase in prolactin concentration (all P<0.001). Miosis was induced simultaneously with the onset of analgesic effect 30min after dosing, while a significant increase in prolactin concentration was seen after 45min. The change in pupil diameter was negatively correlated to change in tolerated muscle pressure (r=-0.40, P<0.001), whereas the increase in prolactin concentration was positively correlated (r=0.32, P=0.001). The effect of morphine on EEG was seen as a decrease in the relative theta (4-7.5Hz) activity (P=0.03), but was not significant until 120min after dosing and did not correlate to the increase in tolerated muscle pressure (r=-0.1, P=0.43).DISCUSSION: Prolactin concentration and pupil diameter showed similar temporal development, had good dynamic ranges and were sensitive to morphine. Thus, both measures proved to be sensitive measures of morphine effects. EEG may give additive information on the brain's response to pain, however more advanced analysis may be necessary. We therefore recommend using pupil diameter in studies where a simple and reliable objective measure of the morphine-induced central activation is needed.
AB - INTRODUCTION: In experimental pain research the effect of opioids is normally assessed by verbal subjective response to analgesia. However, as many confounders in pain assessment exist, objective bed-side assessment of the effect is highly warranted. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of morphine on three objective pharmacodynamic markers (pupil diameter, prolactin concentration and resting electroencephalography (EEG)) and compare the changes from placebo with subjective analgesia on experimental muscle pain for convergent validation.METHODS: Fifteen healthy male participants received placebo or 30mg rectal morphine at two separate sessions. At baseline and several time points after drug administration, the central effects of morphine were assessed by experimental muscle pain, pupil diameter, prolactin concentration and resting EEG.RESULTS: Morphine increased tolerance to muscle pain, together with significant reductions in pupil diameter and increase in prolactin concentration (all P<0.001). Miosis was induced simultaneously with the onset of analgesic effect 30min after dosing, while a significant increase in prolactin concentration was seen after 45min. The change in pupil diameter was negatively correlated to change in tolerated muscle pressure (r=-0.40, P<0.001), whereas the increase in prolactin concentration was positively correlated (r=0.32, P=0.001). The effect of morphine on EEG was seen as a decrease in the relative theta (4-7.5Hz) activity (P=0.03), but was not significant until 120min after dosing and did not correlate to the increase in tolerated muscle pressure (r=-0.1, P=0.43).DISCUSSION: Prolactin concentration and pupil diameter showed similar temporal development, had good dynamic ranges and were sensitive to morphine. Thus, both measures proved to be sensitive measures of morphine effects. EEG may give additive information on the brain's response to pain, however more advanced analysis may be necessary. We therefore recommend using pupil diameter in studies where a simple and reliable objective measure of the morphine-induced central activation is needed.
U2 - 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.01.005
DO - 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.01.005
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 25659520
VL - 73
SP - 7
EP - 14
JO - Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
JF - Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
SN - 1056-8719
ER -
ID: 132282838